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The Gandhi cap ((ヒンディー語:गांधी टोपी)) is a white coloured sidecap, pointed in front and back and having a wide band. It is made out of ''khadi''. It takes its name after the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi, who first popularised its use during the Indian independence movement. Worn commonly by Indian independence activists, it became a symbolic tradition for politicians and political activists to wear it in independent India. ==Genesis== The Gandhi cap emerged in India during the First Non-cooperation movement during 1918-1921.〔Consumption: The history and regional development of consumption edited by Daniel Miller, p. 424〕 when it became the standard Congress dress as popularized by Gandhi. In 1921, the British government tried to ban the use of the Gandhi cap. Gandhi himself wore the cap only for 1–2 years during 1920-21.〔(ગાંધીટોપીઃ મારોય એક જમાનો હતો..., Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi Cap, urvish kothari )〕〔Gandhi was photographed wearing a turban or a round black topi in 1915 and 1918. He was photographed with the Gandhi cap in 1920. see 1915-1932 Mahatma Gandhi Photo Gallery http://www.mkgandhi.org/gphotgallery/1915-1932/index1.htm, Mahatma Gandhi, 1915 - 1920, Page 7 http://www.gandhimedia.org/cgi-bin/gm/gm.cgi?direct=Images/Photographs/Personalities/Mahatma_Gandhi/1915_-_1920&img=90. By 1924 he had given up wearing a kurta and the cap. Also see http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1900_1999/gandhi/gandhigods/gandhigods.html〕 Gandhi's homespun ''khadi'' attire of traditional Indian clothes were symbolic of his message of cultural pride, the use of ''Swadeshi'' goods (as opposed to those manufactured in Europe), self-reliance and solidarity with India's rural masses. The cap became common to most followers of Gandhi and members of the Indian National Congress. A connection to the independence movement was implied when any individual wore the cap in those times. Prisoners in South African prisons classified as "negroes" (a category into which Indians fell while Gandhi was in South Africa) also were required to wear similar caps in prison during 1907 to 1914. Gandhi's close friend Henry Polak cites Gandhi's time in South African jail, where he was classified as a "negro" and thus required to wear such a cap, as the genesis of the Gandhi Cap.〔H.S.L Polak ''Mahatma Gandhi'' (London: Odham's Press, 1949) pg. 61〕 However Gandhi, in a letter to Kaka Kalelkar, described in detail how he based his white cap on the Kashmiri cap.〔Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India, Emma Tarlo,University of Chicago Press, Sep 1, 1996.82-83〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gandhi cap」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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